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Bystré (Svitavy District)
Bystré ((:ˈbɪstrɛː); (ドイツ語:Bistrau)) is a town in the Czech Republic. It is located in Svitavy District (part of Pardubice Region) approximately south east from Polička. As of January 2012 Bystré had 1,628 inhabitants.
== History ==
The first written mention about the town dates back to year 1200. The Czech Chronicle by Wenceslaus Hajek of Libočan (which cannot be taken as a credible source though) mentions a village which in 1021 should have been situated in place called U kostelíčka (about one kilometer to the west from the present town). The name of the town is derived from Bystrý, a stream flowing through the town.
After the original settlement was burnt out, a new market village Bystré was built up on the Trstenice trail (mentioned in 1349). The village was shaped as a horseshoe and the first owner of the village Bystré were the Lords of Mokošín. Since 1213 the village belonged to Svojanov manor. Bystré received the town right during the reign of Charles IV. In the later period the city gained a number of privileges, such as toll collection right and the right for a weekly market. Jan Bezdružický z Kolovrat became the town owner in the 16th century. Under his rule, a local fort was constructed. Jan died in 1604 and was buried in a tomb in the local church.
The following owners, lords of Martinice, started mining of iron ore in Hamry (currently a part of the municipality of Bystré). During the Thirty Years' War the city was devastated. In 1624 Albrecht von Wallenstein passed through the town. Leopold of Valderode bought the manor of Bystré in 1686. In 1707 the manor was sold again, this time in an auction. The new owner (Jakub Hanibal, the count of Hohenems) let built the town hall. During the rule of his son, Franz Rudolph, the construction of a new church started and spa Balda was founded in the neighborhood. As the counts of Hohenems died out in 1869, Bystré manor was passed to Emperor Franz Joseph I who owned it until the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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